{"product_id":"vitamin-b-12-cyanocobalamin-500-mcg","title":"Vitamin B-12 Cyanocobalamin 500 mcg","description":"\u003ch2\u003eVitamin B-12 Cyanocobalamin 500 mcg\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDescription\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVitamin B-12 tablets dissolve rapidly, releasing 500 mcg of pure vitamin B-12\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFunctions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVitamin B-12 is essential for normal energy metabolism of carbohydrates, fat and protein. As a cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase enzymes, vitamin B-12 helps convert odd chain fatty acids and branched chain amino acids into succinyl-CoA, a common citric acid cycle intermediate. Vitamin B-12 is also required for nucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, methionine synthesis from cysteine and normal myelin synthesis in the nervous system. Along with vitamin B-6 and folic acid, adequate levels of vitamin B-12 are required to maintain normal plasma homocysteine levels. Elevated plasma homocysteine may be an independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. There are two distinct mechanisms for intestinal vitamin B-12 absorption: receptor-mediated absorption and passive diffusion. In the first, vitamin B-12 attaches to a salivary \"R-binder\" protein which transports it into the small intestine, where vitamin B-12 is released. The vitamin then binds to \"Intrinsic Factor\" (IF), a glycoprotein normally produced by the gastric parietal cells. This vitamin B-12-IF complex is carried down to the ileum, where it binds to mucosal receptors. Finally, the complex is absorbed and bound to serum vitamin B-12-binding proteins. The second absorption mechanism, passive diffusion, does not require any carriers, such as B-binder or IF. Only about 1% of free vitamin B-12 is passively absorbed, but this can be nutritionally significant with higher dietary vitamin B-12 intakes. The elderly, HIV\/AIDS patients and strict vegetarians are often at risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency, either due to low dietary intake or impaired absorption. The receptor-mediated absorption pathway is subject to numerous genetic and pathologic defects which can severely impair normal vitamin B-12 absorption. These defects include hereditary absence of IF production, gastric atrophy, gastrectomy and small intestinal disorders affecting the ileum, such as gluten-induced enteropathy, regional enteritis, chronic diarrhea and intestinal resection. Affected individuals depend almost exclusively on the passive diffusion pathway, which requires high dietary vitamin B-12 intakes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIndications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVitamin B-12 tablets may be a useful nutritional adjunct for individuals who wish to increase their intake of vitamin B-12\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupplement Facts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"supplement-facts\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"serving-size\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 Tablet Contains\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"supplement-facts-table\" style=\"width:100%; max-width:480px; border-collapse:collapse; margin:12px 0;\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 8px 6px 0;\"\u003eVitamin B-12 (as cyanocobalamin)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:right; white-space:nowrap; padding:6px 0 6px 16px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e500 mcg\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"other-ingredients\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther Ingredients:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cellulose, vegetable stearin, cellulose gum, dicalcium phosphate, modified cellulose, magnesium stearate and silica.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"allergen-info\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis product contains NO sugar, salt, dairy, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, soy, preservatives, artificial colors or flavors.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSuggested Use\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a dietary supplement, adults take 1 tablet daily with meals, or as directed by a healthcare professional\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSide Effects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo adverse effects have been reported\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStorage\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore in a cool, dry place, away from direct light. Keep out of reach of children\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReferences\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col class=\"references\" start=\"1\" style=\"margin:12px 0; padding-left:24px; list-style-type:decimal;\"\u003e\n\u003cli value=\"1\"\u003eBoushey CJ, Beresford SAA, Omenn GS, Motulsky AG. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease - Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. JAMA 1995;274:1049-1057\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli value=\"2\"\u003eCurtis D, Sparrow R, Brennan L, Van Der Weyden MB. Elevated serum homocysteine as a predictor for vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Eur J Haematol 1994;52:227-232\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli value=\"3\"\u003eEhrenpreis ED, Carlson SJ, Boorstein HL, Craig RM. Malabsorption and deficiency of vitamin B12 in HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhea. Dig Dis Sci 1994;39:2159- 2162\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli value=\"4\"\u003eFlynn MA, Irvin W, Krause G. The effect of folate and cobalamin on osteoarthritic hands. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:351-356\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli value=\"5\"\u003eHarriman GR, Smith PD, Horne MK, et al. Vitamin B12 malabsorption in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:2039-2041\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli value=\"6\"\u003eHerzlich BC, Schiano TD. Reversal of apparent AIDS dementia complex following treatment with vitamin B12. J Intern Med 1993;233:495-497\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli value=\"7\"\u003eHerzlich BC, Schiano TD, Moussa Z, et al. Decreased intrinsic factor secretion in AIDS: relation to parietal cell acid secretory capacity and vitamin B12 malabsorption. Am J Gastroenterol 1992;87:1781-1788\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli value=\"8\"\u003eRauma AL, Törrönen R, Hänninen O, Mykkänen H. Vitamin B-12 status of long-term adherents of a strict uncooked vegan diet (\"living food diet\") is compromised. J Nutr 1995;125:2511-2515\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli value=\"9\"\u003eSaltzman JR, Kemp JA, Golner BB, Pedrosa MC, Dallal GE, Russell RM. Effect of hypochlorhydria due to omeprazole treatment or atrophic gastritis on protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:584-591. Vitamin B-12 Cyanocobolamin 500 mcg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThese statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Concierge Pharmacy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51818561831202,"sku":"10150","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0928\/9429\/8402\/files\/FrontLabel_fee49ab8-2f25-44ab-9bce-56e25e904174.png?v=1783471577","url":"https:\/\/shop.myconciergepharmacy.com\/es\/products\/vitamin-b-12-cyanocobalamin-500-mcg","provider":"My Concierge Pharmacy","version":"1.0","type":"link"}